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''The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon'' ((ドイツ語:Der 18te Brumaire des Louis Napoleon)) was an essay written by Karl Marx between December 1851 and March 1852, and originally published in 1852 in ''Die Revolution'', a German monthly magazine published in New York and established by Joseph Weydemeyer. Later English editions, such as an 1869 Hamburg edition, were entitled ''The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte''. The essay discusses the French coup of 1851 in which Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte assumed dictatorial powers. It shows Marx in his form as a social and political historian, treating actual historical events from the viewpoint of his materialist conception of history. Along with Marx's contemporary writings on English politics, the ''Eighteenth Brumaire'' is a principal source for understanding Marx's theory of the capitalist state.〔Jon Elster, ''An Introduction to Karl Marx'', Cambridge, England, 1990 (first pub. 1986), p 8.〕 It also shows Marx in his less statist form, referring to the government (or at least the bureaucracy) as a "giant parasitic body." And calling the left the "party of anarchy" as opposed to the conservative/reactionary "party of order" . The title refers to the Coup of 18 Brumaire in which Louis Bonaparte's uncle, Napoleon Bonaparte, seized power in revolutionary France (9 November 1799, or 18 Brumaire Year VIII in the French Republican Calendar). == Contents of the book == In the preface to the second edition, Marx said it was the intention of the work to "demonstrate how the class struggle in France created circumstances and relationships that made it possible for a grotesque mediocrity to play a hero's part."〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon )〕 The work contains the most famous formulation of Marx's view of the role of the individual in history, often translated to something like: "Men make their own history, but they do not make it as they please; they do not make it under self-selected circumstances, but under circumstances existing already, given and transmitted from the past." Unfortunately this translation obscures the meaning of his line - which should be read more like "People (die Menschen) make their own history, but they make it not however they want, not under self-selected circumstances, but out of the actual given and transmitted situation. The traditions of all the dead generations burden, like a nightmare, the minds of the living."〔The 1934 Soviet translation has: "Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly encountered, given and transmitted from the past. The tradition of all the dead generations weighs like a nightmare on the brain of the living." K. Marx (1869), ''The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte'', Moscow: Progress Publishers, Ch. I, p. 10.〕 Marx's interpretation of Louis Bonaparte's rise and rule is of interest to later scholars studying the nature and meaning of fascism. Many Marxist scholars regard the coup as a forerunner of the phenomenon of 20th-century fascism.〔Tucker, R.C. "The Marx-Engels Reader, 2nd ed.," page 594. New York: Norton, 1978.〕 It catalogues the mass of the bourgeoisie, which Marx says impounded the republic like its property, as composed of: the large landowners, the aristocrats of finance and big industrialists, the high dignitaries of the army, the university, the church, the bar, the academy, and the press.〔Ch. 3〕〔Parlato, Valentino (1970) (''Il complesso edilizio'' ) (), il manifesto, n. 3-4 marzo-aprile 1970, p.29, republished in F. Indovina (1972) ''Lo spreco edilizio''〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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